Discuss the role of phase transfer catalysis in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

What are homoenolates? Write the methods of their preparation.

Write various factors which control the formation of enolates.

Discuss the oxidation of monoalkylacetylenes using thalium nitrate. Also give the mechanism of the reaction.

Give examples of alkoxysubstituted LAH reducing agents. Compare their selectivity with LAH.

Explain giving suitable reactions the reduction of benzene using sodium is liquid ammonia.

Explain Negishi coupling reaction with an example and give its mechanism.

Discuss the disconnections for the synthesis of benzocaine.

Explain the synthesis of azepine using ethoxycarbonyl nitrene.

Draw the taustomeric forms of azepines and compare their stabilities.

Discuss the Skraup synthesis of quinoline giving the reactions involved.

How can benzotriazole be synthesised starting from ortho-phenylenediamine? Give the mechanism of the reaction.

Discuss Bischer synthesis of indole. How can you obtain a single product in this reaction?

Illustrate giving two [3+2] cycloaddition reactions how can 1,3-dipolar compounds react with alkenes and alkynes to give pyrazoles.

Give the products of the reaction of azetedine with the following reagents:

(i) RCOCl (ii) CS₂ (iii) HNO₂ (iv) HCHO (v) HCl/

Discuss how can tetraalkylaziridines be synthesised.

 Explain the chemical shift values exhibited in the ¹H-NMR spectrum of pyridine.

List the important bands observed in the UV spectra of the following compounds.
(i) Pyridazine (ii) Pyrazine

Write the structures of the following compounds:

(i) Pyrazino [2, 3,-c] pyridazine

(ii) 2-Methylazacyclohexane

(iii) 2,5-Diazaanthracene

Write the names of the following compounds according to Hantzsch-Widman system of nomenclature.