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Farmer’s Rights emerged as a response to the historical and continuing contribution of farmers, particularly in developing countries, to the conservation, improvement, and availability of plant genetic resources. For centuries, farmers have been the primary custodians of biodiversity, selecting, saving, exchanging, and improving seeds through traditional practices. This informal innovation system has laid the foundation for modern agriculture and plant breeding. However, with the advent of formal intellectual property regimes, particularly plant breeders’ rights and patents associated with biotechnology, there arose a need to recognize and protect the interests of farmers whose contributions were often overlooked or inadequately rewarded. The rationale for Farmer’s Rights is rooted in principles of equity, justice, food security, and sustainable agricultural development. One of the primary reasons for recognizing Farmer’s Rights is to acknowledge the invaluable role farmers have played in conserving and developing plant genetic resources. Traditional farming communities have maintained a vast diversity of crops and varieties, adapting them to local environmental conditions over generations. This diversity is crucial not only for food security but also for resilience against pests, diseases, and climate change. Modern plant breeding relies heavily on this genetic diversity, often sourced from farmers’ fields and traditional knowledge systems. Without appropriate recognition and benefit-sharing mechanisms, this results in an imbalance where commercial breeders profit while farmers receive little or no compensation. Another important rationale lies in addressing the inequities created by formal intellectual property systems. Plant breeders’ rights and patents grant exclusive rights to breeders and corporations over new plant ________ ____ _______ _______ _____ __________ ________ _____ _______ _______ _____.
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