Compare static and dynamic models. Give an account of dynamic modelling in GIS.

What is network analysis? Discuss in detail different methods of network analysis.

Pattern analysis and its application

Applications of buffer analysis

Spatial distance measurement

Semivariogram

Characteristics of a good DBMS

Stages of data integration

Describe database models and database modelling. Give an account of various types of (10) database models.

What do you understand by data integration? Discuss the contributions of remote (10) sensing in integration with GIS.

What is the significance of advertising literacy in digital marketing and influencer culture? How can individuals critically decode persuasive content across different media genres and platforms?

Analyse the challenges and risks faced by young people in virtual spaces. In what ways can digital information literacy help mitigate these risks and foster responsible online behaviour?

Evaluate the potential of alternative media and interactive multimedia tools in promoting media literacy and democratic participation. How can these platforms challenge mainstream narratives and empower marginalised communities?

Discuss the concept "The Medium is the Message" in the context of mobile and internet-based communication technologies. How do digital platforms shape information's meaning, credibility, and interpretation today?

Critically examine the transition from traditional to digital media. How has this shift transformed information production, distribution, and consumption? Illustrate your answer with examples from both legacy and contemporary digital platforms.

Examine the policy and institutional framework of e-governance in India with reference to ICT4D. Analyse the strategic objectives and implementation mechanisms of key

ICTs have been instrumental in creating inclusive knowledge societies. Explain the characteristics of a knowledge society and analyse how ICTs can be leveraged for equitable knowledge access in developing countries.

Assess the impact of ICTs on environmental sustainability. How can digital technologies contribute to climate action and natural resource management in developing countries?

Discuss the interrelationship between ICTs and poverty reduction with relevant case studies. Evaluate how ICT interventions have been employed to address multidimensional poverty. Cite relevant examples.

Critically examine the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in bridging the digital divide. How ICT4D initiatives have addressed or failed to address access, affordability, and digital skills, particularly in developing countries like India.