Explain the core objectives of the PESA Act. Detail the mandatory legal powers vested
in the Gram Sabha and Panchayats within Scheduled Areas under this Act.

Highlight the key provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. Critically
evaluate its implementation process and the operational challenges faced by rural local
bodies.

 Describe the salient features of the Kerala Model of democratic decentralization planning. Discuss its overall impact on local resource mobilization and social development.

What do you understand by people’s participation in governance and development?
Examine how community-led participation fosters more effective sustainable outcomes
at the grassroots level.

Define the concept of decentralization. Critically analyze the merits and limitations of
democratic decentralization in local governance.

What are the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) regarding education?
Explain the systemic barriers to women’s and girls' education.

Define women's entrepreneurship and analyze the primary challenges and barriers faced
by women entrepreneurs in India.

What is meant by "engendering governance"? Explain the necessity of this approach and
the key initiatives taken toward its implementation.

What do you understand by Liberal Feminism? Critically evaluate liberal thought and the
foundations of classical Liberal Feminism.

 Define social construction. Explain its various components and analyze how they
intersect with gender.

Explain the Gandhian Theory of Development. Discuss its core principles and examine its relevance in the contemporary world.

 What is Leibenstein's Critical Minimum Effort Thesis? Explain its significance for the
economic advancement of developing countries.

Explain the theories of Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. How do these approaches differ in their strategy for economic development?

Discuss Adam Smith's Classical Theory of Development, highlighting its main
assumptions, features, contributions, and criticisms.

Explain the concept of development and distinguish between economic, human, and
political development.

What is meant by "inclusive development"? Explain the absolute necessity and socioeconomic importance of this approach.

Define freedom and analyze the complex relationship between individual freedom and
market economies.

Discuss the role of multilateral international agencies in global development, focusing
specifically on the impact of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Define conflict and explain its primary types and underlying causes.

 Examine the core dimensions and driving factors of social change.