Describe the use of Espresso for UI testing in Android. Write a test case to verify the behavior of a button click that changes the text of a TextView.

Outline the strategies to ensure compatibility with Android's fragmented ecosystem. Include techniques to handle API level differences and screen resolutions.

Discuss the features of Gradle used in Android Studio. Provide an example of how to include a third-party library in your Android project using Gradle.

Design a flowchart to depict a custom Activity Lifecycle that includes logging the state transitions. How would you manage state persistence during configuration changes?

Explain the role of the Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) and ART in Android's runtime environment. Discuss their impact on application performance and memory management.

Compare the Android platform with one other open-source mobile operating system, focusing on community contributions and licensing models.

Write a Python program using NumPy to

(i) Create following two matrices A and B with following elements.

(ii) Compute the (a) Addition, (b) Multiplication and (c) Inverse of these matrices.

(iii) Combine the given matrices colume-wise.

The following datas consist of sales of a product for 6 months:

Write a Python program to

(i) create a list named SD for the given sales data.

(ii) Use a suitable loop function to compute the average sales. Verify it with the built in function.

(iii) Extract the months having sales greater than ` 30,000.

(iv) Plot a line chart using Matplotlib to show given monthly sales of the product. Also, add appropriate labels, title, and legend

Write a Python program that takes an integer input from the user:

(i) Check if the number is positive, negative, or zero using an if...elif...else statement.

(ii) Print a suitable message based on the result.

Write a Python program that demonstrates:

(i) A list of integers with operations like adding, removing, and modifying elements.

(ii) A tuple of integers and explain why tuples are immutable.

Differentiate between lists and tuples in Python.

पूछताछ सम्बन्धी यातना (Investigative Torture)

वितरणवादी न्याय

प्राकृतिक नैसर्गिक अधिकार

मार्क्स के दर्शन में वर्ग (Class)

व्यक्तिवाद

सामाजिक भेदभाव

गोपनीयता का अधिकार

मार्क्स का ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद (Historical Materialism) का विचार

नागरिक स्वतंत्रता (Civil Liberty) पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।