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Anthropologically, the concept of "tribe" has long been central to the study of human societies, especially in contexts like India, where diverse socio-cultural formations exist alongside each other. In anthropology, tribes are understood as distinct socio-cultural entities characterized by unique patterns of subsistence, kinship systems, language, religious beliefs, and social organization. However, the fluidity of these definitions and the historical transformations of tribal societies have led to debates such as the Tribe-Caste continuum, which examines the intersections and overlaps between tribes and castes, especially under the impact of colonial and post-colonial state structures. ### Anthropological Definitions of Tribe The term "tribe" lacks a universally accepted definition in anthropology, but several scholars have proposed working definitions based on comparative ethnographic studies. According to A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, a tribe is "a social group, usually with a definite territory, dialect, cultural homogeneity, and political organization." He emphasized structural aspects and social cohesion within tribal societies. Elman Service categorized tribes as part of the four evolutionary stages of political organization: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. In his typology, tribes are larger than bands, lack centralized political institutions, and are based on kinship-based segmentary lineage systems. In the Indian context, D.N. Majumdar defined tribes as "a social group with territorial affiliation, endogamous, with no specialization of functions, ruled by tribal officers, hereditary or otherwise, united in language or dialect, recognizing social distance with other tribes or castes, following tribal traditions, beliefs and customs, illiterate, and having a primitive religion and magic." N.K. Bose emphasized the cultural _______ ___ ____ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ___ _____.
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