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The Bhakti Movement, a significant socio-religious and literary phenomenon in Indian history, emerged as a spiritual and cultural revolution that transcended religious, linguistic, regional, and caste boundaries. It primarily focused on devotion (bhakti) to a personal god and emphasized love, surrender, and a direct relationship with the divine, while also challenging orthodox religious practices and rigid social hierarchies. The movement, which spanned roughly from the 7th to the 17th century, had far-reaching impacts on Indian society, culture, and literature. In the context of Comparative Literature, the Bhakti Movement serves as a crucial site of interdisciplinary engagement, linking literature, religion, sociology, linguistics, and philosophy across various regional cultures of India. The origins of the Bhakti Movement can be traced to South India around the 6th and 7th centuries CE with the rise of the Alvars (devotees of Vishnu) and Nayanars (devotees of Shiva) in the Tamil region. These saint-poets composed devotional hymns in Tamil, expressing intense emotional love for their deities. The Alvars and Nayanars rejected ritualistic Brahmanical orthodoxy, caste discrimination, and Sanskritic elitism. Their compositions, such as those found in the *Divya Prabandham* (Alvars) and _____ ____ _____ ____ ___ ______ ________ __________ ________ _________ _____.
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