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Oral and written literatures are two foundational forms of literary expression that differ significantly in their mode of transmission, form, structure, function, audience, and preservation. In the field of comparative literature, analyzing the distinctions between oral and written literatures is essential for understanding how literature evolves across cultures, languages, and epochs. Both forms have shaped the human experience of storytelling and cultural memory, yet they arise from different epistemological and socio-historical contexts. Oral literature refers to literary works that are composed, preserved, and transmitted by word of mouth. These include myths, legends, folktales, proverbs, songs, epics, and ritual chants, which are often communal in nature and passed down through generations. Oral literature exists in performance and is shaped by its performative context. It is dynamic, often improvised or adapted in the moment, and exists as a living cultural artifact. Written literature, on the other hand, is composed and preserved in written form. It is fixed, durable, and often attributed to an identifiable author. Written literature can span genres such as novels, poems, plays, essays, and philosophical treatises. One of the primary distinctions between oral and written literature lies in their mode of transmission. Oral literature is dependent on memory and vocal performance, whereas written literature relies on the written word and reading for its communication. In oral cultures, storytelling is a participatory and communal act, often involving an interaction between the performer and the audience. For instance, in African griot traditions, _____ ____ _____ _________ ___ _____ _______ ______ ________ _____ __________ _____.
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