Give an account of the historical back ground and models of organizational development.

Organizational Development (OD) is a field of study and practice that focuses on improving organizations by enhancing their effectiveness and well-being. It emerged in the mid-20th century and has since evolved with various models and approaches. In this account, we will explore the historical background and some key models of organizational development.

Historical Background:

The roots of organizational development can be traced back to several historical developments:

1. Industrial Revolution (Late 18th to early 19th century): The rapid industrialization during this period led to significant changes in the way work was organized. Factories and large-scale organizations emerged, creating the need for management and organizational improvement.

2. Scientific Management (Late 19th to early 20th century): Pioneered by Frederick Taylor, scientific management aimed to improve organizational efficiency by applying scientific principles to work processes. Taylor's work laid the ________ __________ ________ _________ ___ _________.
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