Give an account of the historical back ground and models of organizational development.

Organizational Development (OD) is a field of study and practice that focuses on improving organizations by enhancing their effectiveness and well-being. It emerged in the mid-20th century and has since evolved with various models and approaches. In this account, we will explore the historical background and some key models of organizational development.

Historical Background:

The roots of organizational development can be traced back to several historical developments:

1. Industrial Revolution (Late 18th to early 19th century): The rapid industrialization during this period led to significant changes in the way work was organized. Factories and large-scale organizations emerged, creating the need for management and organizational improvement.

2. Scientific Management (Late 19th to early 20th century): Pioneered by Frederick Taylor, scientific management aimed to improve organizational efficiency by applying scientific principles to work processes. Taylor's work laid the foundation for modern management practices.

3. Human Relations Movement (1920s to 1930s): Scholars like Elton Mayo conducted research at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric, highlighting the importance of social and psychological factors in _______ _____ _______ ________ _________ ___ _____ ________ ________.
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