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The rural-urban divide refers to the significant disparities that exist between rural and urban areas in terms of access to resources, opportunities, infrastructure, and overall development. This divide manifests itself in multiple dimensions including economic development, educational attainment, healthcare access, employment patterns, and demographic characteristics. In the context of gender-sensitive planning and policy making, understanding the rural-urban divide is critical as it influences the extent and nature of gender-based discrimination and inequality. This divide not only highlights the inequality between geographical spaces but also reveals the differential impact of policies on women and men in rural and urban settings. Population Distribution and Growth According to the Census of India 2011, around 68.8% of the population resided in rural areas, while 31.2% lived in urban areas. Urban population has been steadily growing due to migration, industrialization, and urban-centric development models. Urban areas often see higher population growth due to better job opportunities and living standards. In contrast, rural areas experience slower growth and are frequently characterized by out-migration, especially among youth and males, leading to a feminization of the rural population. This demographic trend impacts planning and policy-making as the needs and priorities of predominantly female rural populations differ from those in urban areas. Sex Ratio and Gender Composition Sex ratio is an important demographic indicator to assess gender balance. As per the Census 2011, the sex ratio in rural areas was 949 females per 1000 males, whereas in urban areas, it was lower at 929. This indicates a better gender balance in rural areas, possibly due to the out-migration of men for employment. However, in terms of child sex ratio (0–6 years), urban areas show a sharper decline, indicating a prevalence of sex-selective practices and gender discrimination. Gender-sensitive policy making must address these regional variations and their implications for the health, education, and safety of girls and women. Literacy and Education Education is a key factor ___ _____ ___ ________ ______ __________ ______.
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