Compare and contrast the theories and models in urban studies, focusing on the Central Place Theory by Christaller and Losch, and the Growth Pole Theory by Perroux and Boudeville. Evaluate their relevance in explaining urban systems.

Explain the changing approaches in Urban Geography over time. How do they reflect the evolving nature of urbanisation and urbanism?

Evaluate the effectiveness of urban programmes in India such as JNNURM, AMRUT, and Smart City Mission in addressing urban development challenges. Discuss their key features, implementation strategies, and impact on urban sustainability.

Explore the role of urban planning in India, tracing its evolution, major concepts, and types. Highlight the significance of urban planning in addressing the diverse challenges of urbanisation in the Indian context.

Critically examine the contemporary challenges faced by urban environments, including pollution, urban flooding, heat islands, and climate change. Discuss potential strategies for mitigating these urban environmental problems.

Analyse the functional morphology of cities, with special reference to the Central Business District (CBD) and its role in shaping urban land use patterns. Provide examples from select case studies of Indian cities to illustrate your points.

Discuss the evolution of urban settlements from ancient to modern times, highlighting the key factors influencing their growth and development.

Biomedical and non-biomedical perspective on health.

Management of Floods

Forest Fires

Nitrogen Cycle

Principles of Social Impact Assessment

Global Warming

Describe health risk and vulnerabilities in India due to arsenic pollution and fluoride contamination.

Explain direct and indirect impact of climate change on human health.

Explore how physical and human factors influence organisms dispersion. And explain any two bio-geographical areas in India.

Discuss in brief any four Environmental Impact Assessment methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

What are the geological hazards? Explain any two geological hazards in detail.

Describe the different kinds of vulnerability. Examine critically the Sendai Framework for disaster management.

Define the ecosystem and its components elaborately.