Explain the changing approaches in Urban Geography over time. How do they reflect the evolving nature of urbanisation and urbanism?

Concept of urban sprawl and its implications for urban development.

Analyse the functional morphology of cities, with special reference to the Central Business District (CBD) and its role in shaping urban land use patterns. Provide examples from select case studies of Indian cities to illustrate your points.

Discuss the evolution of urban settlements from ancient to modern times, highlighting the key factors influencing their growth and development.

Compare and contrast the theories and models in urban studies, focusing on the Central Place Theory by Christaller and Losch, and the Growth Pole Theory by Perroux and Boudeville. Evaluate their relevance in explaining urban systems.

Planning challenges associated with informal settlements in urban areas.

Evaluate the effectiveness of urban programmes in India such as JNNURM, AMRUT, and Smart City Mission in addressing urban development challenges. Discuss their key features, implementation strategies, and impact on urban sustainability.