Write a note on the Environmental Discourse on Industrialism

The concept of environmental discourses currently has two distinct meanings in environmental politics. The first approach emphasizes its traditional meaning, as textual and spoken interactions about the environment. The second, more recent approach utilizes the notion of environmental discourses as group worldviews towards the environment. This paper discusses the evolution of the term environmental discourses and the appropriateness of each approach for environmental politics scholarship. This study develops the concept of environmental ideologies as a belief system towards the environment, using the analogy of political ideologies that describes systems of beliefs towards political, social, and economic structures of a society. A formula: environmental discourse = environmental issue + environmental ideology allows combining three core concepts of environmental politics: environmental issues come into environmental discourse, and, therefore, into existence as environmental policy problems, through the lens of environmental ideologies. 

The coherent systems of beliefs about the political, social, and economic structures of a society are usually known as political ideologies (Gross 1985; Næss 1980; Sargent 1990; Vincent 1995). Although there is, of course, a wide spectrum of opinions about what constitutes political  ideologies and their typology, there are also some well-established and widely used concepts that can be used as a common ground for discussion. In addition to the clear concept itself, there are well-developed typologies of political ideologies. Many authors identify such political ideologies as Liberalism, Conservatism, Communism, Nationalism, Socialism, Fascism, Nazism, Anarchism, etc. Political Ideologies has become a legitimate academic discipline that is studied in many universities around the world. Although any typology of political ideologies provides a grossly simplified version of political worldviews, this concept contributes a lot to the understanding of major belief systems about human nature and human interactions, about the role of the government and civil society, and how political power and wealth is distributed (and should be distributed) and why. On the contrary, we rarely find the concept of ideologies in the study of environmental policy and politics. Most often, this term is used to describe an ‘environmentalism’ (Paehlke 1989), ________ __________ _______ _______ _________ ___.
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