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Obstetric emergencies are acute, life-threatening conditions that can occur during pregnancy, labour, delivery, or the immediate postpartum period. They require rapid recognition, prompt assessment, immediate nursing intervention, and coordinated medical management to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In maternal health nursing, the nurse plays a central role in early identification of danger signs, stabilization of the mother, continuous monitoring of the fetus, preparation for emergency procedures, administration of prescribed medications, and emotional support to the woman and her family. Antepartum obstetric emergencies 1. Antepartum haemorrhage: Bleeding from the genital tract after the period of viability and before delivery is an important obstetric emergency. The common causes are placenta previa and placental abruption. Placenta previa occurs when the placenta is implanted partly or completely over the internal cervical opening and commonly causes painless, bright-red vaginal bleeding. Placental abruption is premature separation of a normally situated placenta and is usually associated with painful vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, and fetal distress. Severe blood loss can lead to hypovolemic shock, maternal anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, fetal hypoxia, and fetal death. Nursing care includes assessing the amount and nature of bleeding, monitoring vital signs and fetal heart rate, establishing intravenous access, maintaining fluid replacement as prescribed, preparing blood for transfusion, and avoiding unnecessary vaginal examination when placenta previa is suspected. 2. Ectopic pregnancy: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy can cause massive internal haemorrhage and circulatory shock. The woman may present with lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder-tip pain, dizziness, fainting, pallor, and signs of shock. Rapid assessment, intravenous fluid and blood replacement, monitoring of vital signs, and preparation for emergency surgical management are essential. 3. Abortion with severe haemorrhage: Spontaneous or induced abortion may result in excessive bleeding, retained products of conception, infection, or shock. The nurse should assess bleeding, pain, vital signs, and general condition and prepare the woman for appropriate medical or surgical treatment. Emotional support is also important ________ ______ __________ _______ __________ _________.
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