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The 2-phase locking (2PL) protocol is required to ensure serializability in a database system. Serializability is a key criterion for the correctness of concurrent transactions. In a multi-user database environment, transactions may run concurrently, which can lead to issues like lost updates, dirty reads, and inconsistent data. The 2PL protocol provides a mechanism to control concurrent access to data by ensuring that ___ _____ _________ _____ __________ _______ _______ __________ _________ _______ ______ ______.
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