With the help of a suitable example, discuss the insertion, deletion and updation anomalies that can occur in a database. Briefly discuss the mechanism to remove such anomalies.
Insertion, deletion, and updation anomalies are issues that arise in poorly structured relational databases, particularly when data is stored in a single table without normalization. Insertion Anomaly occurs when certain data cannot be inserted into the database without the presence of other data. For example, consider a table: STUDENT\_COURSE (StudentID, StudentName, CourseID, CourseName, Instructor) If a new _________ _______ ______ ___ _______ _____ ______ ______ _____ _________ ______.
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Give the limitations of file based system. How can they be overcome using DBMS?
What is SQL? Explain its important features.
b) Consider the following schemas:
BOOK (Book_ ID, Title, Publisher_ID, Year_of Pub, Price)
AUTHOR (Author_ID, Book_ID, Author Name)
PUBLISHER (Publisher_ID, Book ID, Address, Name_of Pub, No. of Copies)
Explain the Log-based recovery scheme with the help of an example.
Write a query in SQL for the following:
(i) Find the name of authors whose books are published by "ABC Press".
(ii) Find the name of the author and price of the book, whose Book_ID is '100'.
(iii) Find the title of the books which are published by Publisher_ID '20' and are published in year 2011.
(iv) Find the address of the publisher who has published Book_ID "500".
List and explain the 4 basic properties of a Transaction with the help of appropriate examples.
Compute the closure of the following set F of functional dependencies for relation schema
R = (A, B, C, D, E).
List the candidate keys for R.
What do you mean by fragmentation of a database? What is the need of fragmentation in DDBMS environment? Explain different types of fragmentation with an example of each.