What is SQL? Explain its important features.
b) Consider the following schemas:
BOOK (Book_ ID, Title, Publisher_ID, Year_of Pub, Price)
AUTHOR (Author_ID, Book_ID, Author Name)
PUBLISHER (Publisher_ID, Book ID, Address, Name_of Pub, No. of Copies)
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard programming language specifically designed for managing and manipulating relational databases. It allows users to create, modify, retrieve, and manipulate data stored in a database. SQL is used for both data definition (DDL), data manipulation (DML), data control (DCL), and transaction control (TCL). Important features of SQL include: 1. Data Definition Language (DDL): SQL allows the creation and modification of database schema through statements like `CREATE`, `ALTER`, and `DROP`. 2. Data Manipulation Language (DML): SQL provides commands such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, and `SELECT` to manipulate and retrieve data. ____ ________ ________ ____ _____.
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An organization needs to provide Medical facilities to its employees and their dependents. Organization is having a list of Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres for the employees facility. An employee may get Medical facility from the list of Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres provided by the organization to them. Employee does not need to pay anything for the facilities availed. The Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres directly raise their bill to the organization.
Identify the entities, relationships, constraints and cardinality and construct an ER diagram for the above mentioned specifications. List your assumptions and clearly indicate the cardinality mappings as well as any role indicators in your ER diagram.
Explain the need of Distributed DBMS over Centralized DBMS. Also give the structure of Distributed DBMS.
How are database security and database integrity related? Briefly discuss the different levels of security measures which may be considered to protect the database.
Explain the Log-based recovery scheme with the help of an example.
List and explain the 4 basic properties of a Transaction with the help of appropriate examples.
Write a query in SQL for the following:
(i) Find the name of authors whose books are published by "ABC Press".
(ii) Find the name of the author and price of the book, whose Book_ID is '100'.
(iii) Find the title of the books which are published by Publisher_ID '20' and are published in year 2011.
(iv) Find the address of the publisher who has published Book_ID "500".
Compute the closure of the following set F of functional dependencies for relation schema
R = (A, B, C, D, E).
List the candidate keys for R.