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Artificial selection is a process in genetics and animal biotechnology where humans deliberately choose specific individuals with desirable traits to breed, aiming to enhance or propagate those traits in future generations. This process relies heavily on the concepts of heritability, selection differential, and response to selection, which provide a quantitative framework for predicting the outcomes of selective breeding. Narrow-sense heritability (h²) is central to artificial selection because it measures the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is attributable to additive genetic variance. Unlike broad-sense heritability, which considers all genetic contributions including dominance and epistasis, narrow-sense heritability focuses only on additive ___ _________ __________ _______ __________ ___ _____ _______.
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