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Women play an indispensable role in agriculture, particularly in the realms of pre-harvest activities and post-harvest processing, which are crucial for sustaining rural livelihoods and ensuring food security. In most agrarian economies, especially in developing countries, women are involved in multifaceted tasks that span from preparing the soil to storing and marketing produce. While their contributions are significant, they often remain invisible in policy frameworks and under-recognized in terms of economic value. Understanding their role in pre-harvest and post-harvest activities highlights the gendered division of labor in agriculture and underscores the need for equitable resource distribution and institutional support. In pre-harvest activities, women are heavily engaged in land preparation, seed selection, sowing, weeding, and irrigation-related tasks. Although men may be more involved in ploughing due to the physical nature of the work and access to equipment, women contribute equally in complementary activities such as preparing seedbeds, transplanting seedlings, and applying organic manure. Their indigenous knowledge about seed varieties, soil fertility, and crop rotation plays a crucial role in ensuring biodiversity and sustainability of farming systems. Women often select seeds based on qualities like taste, cooking properties, storage potential, and resistance to pests and diseases. This seed management, largely carried out by women, is vital _________ ______ ________ _____ ___ ______ ___ _____ _________ ______.
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