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Poultry farming systems vary widely in design, management, and animal welfare implications. The type of system used directly influences the living conditions, health, and behavior of poultry birds, and thus has a significant impact on their welfare. The welfare of poultry birds is often evaluated using the “Five Freedoms” framework, which serves as a global standard for assessing animal welfare. Understanding different poultry farming systems along with the five freedoms helps ensure that farming practices align with humane and ethical standards. Different Poultry Farming Systems 1. Battery Cage System This is one of the most intensive poultry farming systems, primarily used in commercial egg production. Birds are housed in small wire cages, often in large stacked rows inside climate-controlled buildings. Each cage holds multiple hens, with limited space for movement. * Advantages: High productivity, ease of management, reduced cannibalism, efficient feed conversion, and lower labor costs. * Disadvantages: Severe space restriction, inability for birds to express natural behaviors like dust-bathing, wing-flapping, and nesting. Prolonged confinement can lead to osteoporosis, feather loss, and foot injuries. 2. Enriched Cage System This system improves on the conventional battery cage by providing perches, nesting areas, and scratching pads. Cages are larger and designed to allow some natural _________ ______ ___ ______ ______ _______.
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