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Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, was an ancient Indian political thinker whose ideas on administration are mainly found in the Arthashastra. His principles of public administration were practical, systematic and oriented towards the welfare and security of the state. He considered the state as an institution that had to maintain order, promote economic prosperity and protect its people. Kautilya regarded the welfare of the people as the primary objective of administration. His famous principle, “In the happiness of his subjects lies the happiness of the king,” reflects the idea that rulers should work for public welfare rather than personal interests. He emphasized protection of citizens, economic development, justice and social stability. He also advocated a strong and well-organized administrative structure. The king was expected to supervise different _____ __________ ___ ______ _____ ____ __________.
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