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The Public Choice Approach represents a significant shift in the analysis of bureaucracy and administration, especially when studied in the context of Administrative Theory. Developed as a critique of traditional models of public administration, Public Choice Theory borrows concepts from economics, particularly rational choice theory, and applies them to the behaviour of individuals within public institutions. It regards bureaucrats, politicians, and public servants as self-interested actors rather than neutral agents working solely for public welfare. Within the context of bureaucracy and administration, this approach enables a critical re-evaluation of the assumptions made by classical and neo-classical administrative theorists. The traditional view of bureaucracy, especially that propagated by Max Weber, considers bureaucracy as a rational-legal form of organization designed to function efficiently through a structured hierarchy, impersonal rules, and professional expertise. Administrative theorists like Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick reinforced the idea of a professional, neutral, and efficient public administration system, where the role of the bureaucrat was to implement policy without personal bias. However, Public Choice Theory challenges this neutrality and sees bureaucrats as rational actors who may seek to maximize their personal utility, often at the cost of public interest. One of the central insights of the Public Choice Approach is the analysis of bureaucratic behaviour through the lens of self-interest. Anthony Downs, in his seminal work "Inside Bureaucracy", posited that bureaucrats, like all individuals, are motivated by self-interest, career goals, and security. According to Downs, bureaucrats strive to expand their budgets and increase the size and scope of their agencies not necessarily for public welfare but to improve their own standing, power, and prestige. This is known as the Budget-Maximizing Model, most notably developed by William Niskanen. Niskanen argued __________ ___ ____ __________ ___ _______ __________ ___ __________ _____ _____.
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