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Max Weber, a German sociologist and political economist, is widely recognized as one of the founding figures of sociology and public administration. His theory of authority plays a fundamental role in administrative theory and bureaucratic organization. Weber’s approach to authority is deeply rooted in his larger sociological framework, where he focuses on rationalization, legitimacy, and the functioning of institutions. He distinguished between different types of authority based on the source of legitimacy and the way power is exercised. According to Weber, authority is a form of power perceived as legitimate by those who are subject to it. He emphasized that authority must be distinguished from power: while power is the ability to impose one's will upon others, authority is accepted voluntarily by those who obey. Max Weber identified three pure types of legitimate authority: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal. These ideal types are analytical tools meant to capture the main sources of legitimacy in different forms of domination. Each type is associated with specific characteristics, systems of governance, and administrative structures. 1. Traditional Authority: Traditional authority is rooted in custom, tradition, and long-standing cultural practices. It derives its legitimacy from the sanctity of age-old customs and the established belief in the holiness of traditions. This form of authority is often associated with monarchies, patriarchal systems, feudal arrangements, and tribal societies. In traditional authority systems, rulers are often seen as rightful leaders ________ ________ ____ ____ _____ ________ ____ ______ ____ ___.
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