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The general principles of administration are foundational guidelines that have shaped the study and practice of public and private administration. These principles aim to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, discipline, and accountability in administrative processes. Rooted in classical administrative theory, particularly in the works of Henri Fayol, Lyndall Urwick, Mooney and Reiley, and others, these principles provide a framework for structuring organizations, managing personnel, and guiding administrative behavior. One of the earliest and most influential contributions came from Henri Fayol, who proposed 14 principles of management. These principles, although originally intended for industrial management, have been extensively applied to public administration as well. The first principle is the *division of work*, which argues that work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure efficiency and specialization. When individuals focus on a specific task, they gain expertise and increase productivity. The second is *authority and responsibility*, which stresses that managers must have the authority to give orders and the responsibility to ensure that work is completed. Authority and responsibility must go hand in hand, and without balance, organizational discipline is compromised. *Discipline* is another important principle, referring to the respect for rules and agreements that govern the organization. Discipline may be enforced through leadership, clear communication, and consistent application of policies. The fourth principle, *unity of command*, implies that each employee should receive orders from only one superior to avoid ___ ________ ___ _________ _______ ___ ___ _________ ____ ___.
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