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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a condition that occurs due to a deficiency of protein and energy in the diet. It is one of the most common forms of malnutrition, particularly prevalent in developing countries. PEM can have significant physiological and biochemical consequences, particularly in children and vulnerable populations. This condition results from the combined effects of insufficient intake of both protein and calories, which are essential for the proper functioning and growth of the body. There are two major forms of Protein Energy Malnutrition: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Kwashiorkor is primarily characterized by protein deficiency, despite the presence of adequate caloric intake. This leads to symptoms like edema (swelling due to fluid retention), fatty liver, skin ______ _______ ___ __________ ________ _____ ____ ____ _________.
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