Word Count : 1149

---

Infrared (IR) Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry (MS) are two significant analytical techniques in environmental chemistry, used extensively for the detection, identification, and quantification of pollutants and environmental contaminants. Both these methods offer unique advantages in the analysis of complex environmental samples such as air, water, soil, and biological materials. Here, we will explore the principle, instrumentation, and environmental applications of each technique in detail.

---

### Infrared (IR) Spectrometry

#### Principle of IR Spectrometry

Infrared spectrometry is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules. When IR radiation passes through a sample, certain frequencies of the radiation are absorbed by the sample, causing molecular vibrations such as stretching, bending, or twisting of chemical bonds. Each chemical bond or functional group absorbs IR radiation at a characteristic frequency, producing a spectrum that can be used to identify the molecular structure of a compound.

There are two types of IR spectroscopy commonly used:
- Near-IR (NIR): 14000–4000 cm⁻¹
- Mid-IR: 4000–400 cm⁻¹
- Far-IR: 400–10 cm⁻¹

The mid-IR region is most commonly used for qualitative analysis of organic compounds because it contains the fingerprint region unique to each compound.

_________ ______ _________ __________ _______ ____ _______ ____ ________ ___ _____ ____.
_________ ________ __________ ___ _____ ______.
___ ________ _______ _______ ________ __________ _________ ______ _______ ___.
_______ _______ ________ ___ ______ _____ ___ ________ ________ _____ _________.
_________ ______ _____ _______ ___ _______ _______ ________ ____ ____.
______ ___ ________ ______ _____ ________ ___ ______ ____.
______ _________ _____ ________ _____ ______ ____.
___ ________ _____ _____ _____ ___.
_______ _______ _________ ______ __________ _____ __________ _______ ______ ____.
_____ ________ ______ ______ _________ _______ _________ __________ _______.
____ ______ _________ ____ ___ _____ _________ ________ _________ ______ _____.
_____ _______ _________ ______ ______ ______ _________ _____ _______.
_______ _________ __________ ___ ____ _______ _______ _____.
______ _____ ______ ________ __________ _____ ______ ________.
____ _________ ____ ______ _______ _______ ___ ______ ________ _______.
_______ ___ ______ ___ _______ ______ _____ __________ ___.
_________ __________ __________ ________ __________ _____.
___ __________ _____ ____ ________.
_____ ____ ______ _______ _________ _____ __________ __________.
___ _________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ___ _____ ______ __________.
__________ _____ _______ _____ _________ ______ _____ ____.
__________ ________ _________ _______ ____ _________ _____ _________ _______ _______ ________ _____.
_____ ____ ___ ______ _________ ____ __________ ___ _________ ________.
____ _______ ___ ______ ___ _____.
_______ _________ ___ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____.
___ _________ _________ _________ ____ _________ ________ ______ ___ _________ ________.
________ __________ ______ ________ _________ ____ ______ _______.
_____ ____ ____ ________ ______ ___ _____ ______ ___ _______ ________ _________.
___ __________ ______ __________ __________ ______ ____.
__________ ____ __________ ______ __________ ___ _______ __________ _______ _______ _______.
__________ _________ _________ _______ _______ ____ __________ _____.
__________ ___ _____ ____ _________ ____.
________ _______ ______ ____ __________.
_____ ____ ____ _______ _____ _________ _________ ________ ____ __________ _______ ____.
_____ __________ _____ _______ ___.
__________ __________ ___ _______ _______ _____ ___ _______.
________ ______ ______ _________ __________ _____ _________ ___ ___ ______ ___ _________.
_____ _____ _______ ____ ________ ___ ________ _______ _______ _____ ________.
______ _________ _________ ______ ____ __________ _______ _____ ________ _________ ____.
_________ __________ ________ ______ ________ _________ __________ _________ ________ ______ __________.
___ _____ ______ ___ ___ _________ _____.
________ ________ _________ _____ ___ ___ ______ ________ ___.
_____ ______ _______ __________ ______ _____ ______ __________ ____ ____ ______ ________.
_________ _______ _____ _____ ______ ______ __________ _____ ___ ___ _________.
__________ _______ ________ _______ ____ _____.
______ _________ _________ ________ _______ ______ _______ ________ _____.
_______ _______ _____ ____ __________ ____ _________ ____ ____ _____ ___.
_______ ____ ___ ________ _______ ____ _________ __________ ______ ____ ________ _________.
____ ____ _____ ______ _________ _____ ________ ___ _____ ____ _____ _____.
_____ _____ __________ _______ ____ ____ _____ ______ ___.
________ ______ ______ _____ ________ ________ _______ _________ _____ __________.
__________ ________ __________ ____ _________ ___ _______.
___ ___ _________ _______ ________ ______ _________ _______ _________ ________.
_____ ____ ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ ____ ______.
______ _________ ______ _____ ___ ______ __________ __________.
_________ ____ _______ ________ ________.
___ _______ _________ _______ ____ ____.
____ _____ ___ ________ _____ ________.
___ _______ __________ ______ __________ ____ __________ _________.
______ ____ _____ _____ ______ _____.
_____ _____ _____ ____ _________ __________ _____ ____ _____ _____.
__________ __________ ________ ____ __________ ________ ______.
__________ ______ ___ ___ _________ __________ __________.
___ ____ ____ _________ _______ _________ ____.
_____ _______ __________ ___ ___ ____ _____.
__________ ___ ________ _________ ___ _________.
__________ ____ ________ _________ ___ _______ ___ _________ _____.
__________ __________ _____ _____ _______ _________ __________ ___ _________ ______ _______.
________ ___ _________ ________ __________ _________ _________ _______ _______ _______ ___ __________.
____ _______ ________ ______ _________ __________ ____ ____ _____.
__________ _________ ________ ____ ________ ________ ________ _____ __________.
____ _______ ________ __________ _________ __________ _________ ______.
_________ _________ ______ ___ ___.
____ _________ _____ ________ _________ _____.
_________ __________ _____ ___ __________ ______ ______ _________ ___.
____ _______ ________ ______ _______ _________ _____ _________ _________ ___.
_______ _____ ________ _______ _____ ______ _____ ______ ________ ____.
___ _________ ___ ______ ____.
________ _______ ___ ____ __________ _________ _________ ________.
_______ _____ _______ _________ _____ ____ ______ _____.
___ ___ _________ _________ ____ _______.
_____ ________ ______ _______ _________ ______.
______ ______ ____ ________ ______ ______ ____.
______ ______ _____ _________ _______ __________ ______ _______.
_______ ____ ________ ________ _______ _____.
____ _______ ________ __________ ____ ________.
____ ___ ________ _________ ___.
_______ ______ _______ _______ ____ _________ _____ ___ _______ ______ _____.
_________ ________ __________ ______ __________ ____ ___ _______ ___ __________.
_________ _____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________.
______ __________ ________ ______ _______ _______ _____ ____ __________.
________ __________ _________ __________ __________ _____ ___ __________ _______ _________.
______ ______ _________ ___ ________ ___ _________ ___ ______.
________ ______ _____ ________ _____ ____ _______ ______ ___.
_____ _______ _________ ______ _________ _________ ________ _____.
________ _______ _______ ______ ______.
_______ __________ __________ ___ ___.
_________ ___ ________ ______ ______ __________.
___ __________ ___ __________ ___ _________ _________ ____ _______ ________.
_________ ______ ______ ________ _________ _______ _________ _____ ___ _______ ____ _____.
___ __________ ___ ____ __________ _________.
____ _____ ____ __________ _________.
_________ _________ _________ _____ _______ __________ ________ __________ ___ ________ ______.
_______ _____ _________ _______ _________ __________.
_______ ______ ______ ________ _________ ________ _______ ____ ______ __________ ______.
______ __________ _________ _______ ___ ___ ______ __________ _______ __________ ____ __________.
____ ______ __________ ________ ______ ___ ________ __________ ___ ____ ______.
_________ ____ ________ _________ _______ ________ _________ ____ _____ ________ ____.
_____ ___ __________ _______ ______ _____ ___ ______ ___ ______.
_____ _________ ____ ____ ______ _______ ______.
________ _______ _______ ________ ______ ___ _______ ________.
____ ______ _______ __________ __________ _________ _______ __________ _____ __________ ___ ___.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp