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Eco-friendly pesticides, also known as biopesticides or green pesticides, represent a class of pest control agents that are derived from natural sources such as plants, microorganisms, or certain minerals. Unlike conventional chemical pesticides, which often contain synthetic compounds with long-lasting residues and high toxicity, eco-friendly pesticides are designed to target pests while minimizing harmful impacts on the environment, non-target organisms, and human health. Their increasing adoption in the agrochemical sector reflects both environmental concerns and the global shift toward sustainable agriculture. One major category of eco-friendly pesticides includes botanical pesticides, which are extracts obtained from plants possessing natural pesticidal properties. Common examples include neem oil derived from the seeds of *Azadirachta indica*, pyrethrins extracted from chrysanthemums, and rotenone obtained from the roots of *Derris* species. These plant-based pesticides often act by disrupting the growth, reproduction, or feeding behavior of pests without accumulating in the ecosystem or harming beneficial insects. Botanical pesticides are generally biodegradable and have low persistence, which significantly reduces the risk of soil and water contamination compared to conventional chemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides form another important group of eco-friendly pesticides. They are formulated using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses that naturally target specific pests. *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt), a soil bacterium, is widely used to _________ ________ ___ ______ ______ ___.
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