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Climate change has emerged as a defining challenge of the 21st century, affecting natural systems, economic stability, and human well-being. Among its wide-ranging consequences, the impact on public health infrastructure is especially profound and multifaceted. Public health infrastructure comprises hospitals, clinics, laboratories, water and sanitation systems, emergency response mechanisms, disease surveillance, and healthcare workforce—all of which are increasingly vulnerable to climatic disruptions. As global temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and ecosystems shift, the burden on public health systems is growing, necessitating adaptive strategies and significant investments in resilience. One of the primary ways in which climate change impacts public health infrastructure is through the increased incidence and spread of infectious diseases. Warmer temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased humidity create favorable environments for the breeding of disease vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and Lyme disease are now appearing in regions where they were previously absent or rare. This expansion places pressure on public health systems that may not be equipped to detect or manage these diseases. Laboratories require new diagnostic tools, surveillance systems must be extended to track outbreaks, and healthcare personnel need training in managing unfamiliar pathogens. Climate change also contributes to the increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires, each of which has profound implications for health infrastructure. Heatwaves can lead to spikes in heatstroke, cardiovascular events, and respiratory __________ __________ ____ ____ ______.
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