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Climate change exerts profound and multifaceted impacts on public health infrastructure, challenging its ability to provide safe, equitable, and resilient services. Rising global temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events have direct and indirect effects on healthcare systems, disrupting service delivery, damaging physical assets, and straining financial and human resources. As heatwaves, floods, storms, and droughts become more common, public health infrastructure faces escalating pressures that undermine its capacity to protect population health and respond effectively to emergencies. One of the most evident effects is the damage to physical health facilities caused by extreme weather events. Hurricanes, cyclones, and floods can destroy hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and supply warehouses, leaving communities without access to essential care during critical times. For example, flooding can contaminate water supplies, overwhelm drainage systems, and disrupt power and communication lines, making it difficult for health facilities to remain operational. In coastal regions, sea level rise threatens to inundate low-lying hospitals and health posts, requiring costly relocation or protective measures. Structural damage often forces temporary closures, reducing service availability and delaying routine care such as maternal health, vaccinations, and chronic disease management. Climate change also heightens the burden of disease, increasing the demand for health services and overloading infrastructure. Rising temperatures and altered rainfall create favorable conditions for the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, which require expanded laboratory capacity, surveillance systems, and treatment centers. Waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery become more prevalent after floods or heavy rains, while prolonged droughts may compromise sanitation and water quality, leading to outbreaks of diarrheal illness. Heat stress _____ _____ _________ ____ ___ ______ _________ ________ _________ ___.
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