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Electronic governance (e-governance) refers to the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to deliver government services, exchange information, and integrate systems and processes among various stakeholders—government, citizens, and businesses. Several models have emerged to conceptualize and implement e-governance effectively. These models help governments plan, structure, and deliver services based on technological capabilities, administrative frameworks, and citizen needs. The major models of e-governance include Government to Citizen (G2C), Government to Business (G2B), Government to Government (G2G), Government to Employees (G2E), and emerging models like Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and Hybrid models. Each model serves a specific segment and purpose within the governance ecosystem. The Government to Citizen (G2C) model is one of the most widespread and foundational models of e-governance. It involves direct interaction between the government and citizens through digital platforms. The main aim is to provide easy, efficient, and transparent public services such as issuance of documents (e.g., birth/death certificates, driving licenses), utility bill payments, online grievance redressal, e-health, and e-education. The G2C model enhances accessibility to services, reduces the need for physical visits to government offices, minimizes corruption, and improves overall service delivery. One successful example of the G2C model in India is the Common Services Centres (CSCs), which provide __________ ______ ___ __________ ______ _______ ______ ____ ______ ________ ______.
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