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Women play a crucial role in the Animal Husbandry sector, contributing significantly to livestock management, dairy production, poultry rearing, and other allied activities. Despite their centrality in these activities, women face numerous constraints in accessing resources, services, and institutions, which limit their productivity, income, and empowerment. These constraints are multidimensional, encompassing socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and technological barriers. Understanding these constraints is vital for designing gender-responsive policies and interventions that enhance women’s participation and efficiency in animal husbandry and related rural livelihoods. One of the most significant constraints for women in animal husbandry is limited access to productive resources. Land ownership and control over livestock are often skewed in favor of men due to prevailing social norms and inheritance laws. In many rural communities, women work on family-owned land or manage livestock that is legally owned by their male relatives. This lack of formal ownership restricts their ability to make decisions regarding the use of resources, invest in improvements, or access credit from financial institutions. Without collateral, women cannot secure loans for purchasing improved breeds, feed, or equipment, leading to reliance on informal sources with high interest rates, further limiting their productive capacity. Access to inputs such as quality feed, veterinary services, and breeding technologies is another critical constraint. Women often have limited mobility due to household responsibilities or cultural restrictions, preventing them from visiting markets or veterinary centers. Even when services are available, they may be male-dominated, making women hesitant to approach male __________ _____ _________ _____ _________.
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