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Corruption is a pervasive problem that undermines the effectiveness of governance, distorts public policy, erodes trust in institutions, and diverts resources away from development objectives. Within the field of State, Society, and Public Administration, the prevention of corruption requires a multi-pronged approach that combines legal, administrative, institutional, and societal mechanisms. Institutional devices and strategies are central to this effort, as they establish the frameworks, rules, and procedures to detect, deter, and punish corrupt practices while promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity in public administration. One of the foremost institutional devices is the establishment of independent anti-corruption bodies. These agencies are designed to operate autonomously from the executive branch to ensure impartial investigation and prosecution of corruption cases. Examples include anti-corruption commissions, vigilance commissions, and ombudsman offices. The independence of these bodies is vital for their credibility and effectiveness, which often depends on secure tenure of leadership, independent budgetary provisions, and freedom from political interference. In India, institutions such as the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) and the Lokpal at the national level, along with Lokayuktas in states, function as watchdogs to address corruption among public officials. Their strategies involve investigating complaints, recommending prosecutions, and advising on preventive measures. A related institutional device is the office of the Ombudsman, which acts as a grievance redressal mechanism for citizens. The Ombudsman can receive and investigate complaints from the public regarding maladministration or corruption, thus providing a _______ __________ ______ _________ _____ ______ __________ ___ ___ __________.
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