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Mahatma Gandhi’s political philosophy, often referred to as Gandhian Polity, is deeply rooted in Indian ethical, spiritual, and socio-cultural traditions. His thoughts on state, society, and administration are distinctive, emphasizing moral authority, non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and decentralization. At the core of Gandhian political philosophy lies the concept of self-rule (Swaraj) and his theory of Trusteeship, both of which profoundly influence his idea of governance and public administration. Gandhian Polity can be understood not through conventional Western ideas of statecraft or politics but through the prism of ethics and human values. Gandhi rejected the notion of a powerful, coercive, and centralized state and advocated for a stateless society governed by moral principles and voluntary cooperation. His approach is not merely political but civilizational, aiming for the moral regeneration of individuals and society. Gandhi’s vision of Swaraj (self-rule) is both individual and collective. For him, true freedom was not merely political independence from British colonialism but the self-discipline and moral awakening of each individual. Swaraj implies that each individual should be capable of self-governance, and by extension, villages and communities should also be self-reliant and self-sufficient. This moral autonomy is central to Gandhian polity. He believed that if individuals are trained in self-rule, then large-scale government machinery becomes redundant. One of the essential aspects of Gandhian polity is the emphasis on decentralized governance. Gandhi envisioned a bottom-up model of political organization, where power is not concentrated in the hands of the few but is distributed at the grassroots level. The village was the basic unit of this system. He famously stated that “India lives in its villages” and advocated for village panchayats as the fundamental political units. These panchayats would manage local affairs through consensus and ethical leadership, _____ _________ _____ __________ ____ _______ ________ _________ __________ _________.
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