Glycogen storage diseases

Draw metabolic pathway showing ẞ oxidation of palmitic acid.

What is electron transport chain and its significance? Describe chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis.

Draw TCA cycle indicating its enzymes, coenzymes/cofactors. How is it regulated?

Ketoacidosis

Fermentation

Metabolism

Oxidative phosphorylation

List the different types of antibodies. What are the gross structural features of an antibody molecule? Name any three mechanisms by which antibodies interact with antigens

Describe the activation of amino acids during protein biosynthesis. How does an antibiotic affect protein biosynthesis?

Describe the scope of biotechnology. Describe the process of separation of penicillin in the final stage of production.

Name one similarity and one dissimilarity between the action of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Describe the transcription process.

What is Hill reaction? Write the balanced equation for Hill reaction. Which photosystem is responsible for this?

Define fanelling effect, photosystem and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

Describe the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by product inhibition.

Explain the following with respect to TCA cycle:

i) Substrate chanelling

ii) anaplerosis

Name two inhibitors of glycolysis and explain their mechanism of action.

Describe and differentiate between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation taking suitable examples for both

Differentiate between cysteine and cystine. What is the role of cystine in maintaining protein structure?

What is the difference between vitamins and coenzymes? Why should our daily diet contain water soluble vitamins? Write the physiological functions of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium.