List the characteristics of atomisation-excitation source in atomic emission
spectrometry. Name the three types of plasma sources.

What are the two aspects in which fluorimetry differs from phosphorimetry?
Describe the aspect

How does FTIR differ from traditional dispersive IR spectrometry?
Write any four advantages of the FTIR spectrometry.

What are the advantages of UV-Vis spectrometry for quantitative
determinations? Write the steps involved in the quantitative
determinations using this technique.

 Explain the nature of absorption spectra for the transition and inner
transition elements by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Also specify the reasons of
difference between the two.

Give important aspects of capillary electrochromatography

Discuss the applications of membrane separations in
(i) water treatment
(ii) production of table salt

Describe the unique features of size exclusion chromatography. 

Discuss the use of hydrous oxides of polyvalent metals as synthetic ion
exchangers giving suitable examples.

Draw a schematic diagram of an HPLC instrument and also list the
components.

Give a brief account of various injection systems used in gas chromatography

Give any five comparisons between PC and TLC.

What are the characteristics of stationary phases used in liquid-solid
chromatography? Discuss various types of adsorbents used.

Giving suitable examples, discuss the role of masking agents in extractions

Briefly discuss the extraction of metal ions using crown ethers

How do the following factors affect the discharge of pollutants in the atmosphere? (5)
i) Atmospheric stability ii) Temperature iii) Precipitation
 iv) Turbulence v) Solar radiation
 b) Distinguish between the following pairs giving examples: (5)
 i) Stationary and Mobile sources of pollutants
 ii) Indoor and Ambient air poll

What is meant by the atmospheric effect and the greenhouse effect? 

State the five “designated best uses” of water as per the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) classification and give one corresponding primary water quality
criterion for each

 Define turbidity in water and explain its causes, measurement, and significance for
water quality.

Explain the importance of groundwater as a water resource in India. What are the
problems in overusing ground water?