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Paper Chromatography (PC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) are important planar chromatographic techniques used for the separation, identification and analysis of components present in a mixture. Both methods are based on the differential distribution of substances between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. However, they differ in their stationary phases, mode of operation, speed, efficiency and applications. The following five comparisons clearly distinguish PC from TLC. | Basis of comparison | Paper Chromatography (PC) | Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1. Stationary phase | In PC, the stationary phase is mainly the water or moisture held within the cellulose fibres of the chromatography paper. The paper provides the supporting medium for separation. | In TLC, the stationary phase is a thin layer of an adsorbent material such as silica gel, alumina or cellulose coated on a glass, plastic or aluminium plate. | | 2. Principle of separation | Separation generally occurs mainly by partition of solutes between the mobile solvent and the stationary water associated with cellulose. Different substances have different partition coefficients and therefore move at different rates. | Separation generally occurs mainly by adsorption of substances on the solid stationary phase. Components interact differently with silica gel or alumina and consequently travel different distances with the solvent. | | 3. Speed and efficiency | PC is comparatively slow and usually requires a longer time for solvent development. The spots _____ _________ ___ ___ __________ ______ ______.
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