What is the Flajolet-Martin algorithm? Explain its steps for estimating the number of unique elements in a data stream. Compare it with the use of a Bloom Filter.

Explain Cosine Similarity and Jaccard Similarity with examples. How are these measures used in recommendation systems and document similarity analysis?

 What are Column-based, Document-based, and Graph-based NoSQL databases? For each type, give an example and explain a real-world use case where it is most suitable.

Compare MapReduce and Apache Spark with respect to data processing speed, fault tolerance, and ease of use. Provide a real-world use case where Spark is more beneficial than MapReduce.

Explain the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) architecture with a diagram. Describe the role of NameNode and DataNodes in storing and retrieving large-scale datasets.

What are the Four Vs of Big Data? Give real-world examples for each. Compare Big Data systems with traditional data warehouses in terms of architecture and functionality.

Discuss the data cleaning process in detail. Explain missing value imputation techniques and the impact of data quality on predictive model performance.

What is Correlation in statistics? Explain the difference between positive correlation and negative correlation with examples. Discuss how the Central Limit Theorem is applied in Data Science projects.

Differentiate between descriptive, inferential, and causal data analysis with suitable examples.

Define the term Data Science. Explain the role of data sampling in Data Science.

Distinguish between efficiency approach and time management approach to effective time management.

Discuss the 80/20 principle.

Explain Parkinson's Law.

 Examine the relevance of fight or flight model in a threatful situation.

 Examine the primary preventive stress management techniques for organisation. 

 Explain the skills of time management.

Describe the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) in stress management.

What are the major distractions at the workplace?

 Discuss the nature, concept and significance of stress.

What is organic electronics? Explain the working of an organic diode.