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Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is the primary storage system used by Hadoop applications to store and manage vast amounts of data across a distributed network of computers. It is designed to provide high throughput access to application data and is suitable for applications that have large datasets. HDFS follows a master-slave architecture, which ensures data reliability, fault tolerance, and scalability. The architecture of HDFS consists of two main types of nodes: the NameNode and multiple DataNodes. The NameNode acts as the master node, while the DataNodes function as the worker or slave nodes. The NameNode maintains the metadata of the file system, including the directory tree structure, file permissions, and the mapping of files to the blocks stored across DataNodes. The actual data is stored on the DataNodes in the form of blocks, typically 128 MB or 256 MB in size, depending on the configuration. A simplified diagram of HDFS architecture can be represented as follows: ``` +----------------+ | NameNode | | Metadata & FS | +----------------+ / | \ / | \ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ | DataNode | | DataNode | | DataNode | | Block1 | | Block2 | | Block3 | +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ ``` The NameNode holds critical information about the location of blocks on each DataNode, which allows ______ ___ __________ ___ __________ ______ _______ __________ ____.
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