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Mahatma Gandhi’s perspective on industrialisation and village development was deeply rooted in his philosophy of self-reliance, simplicity, and moral economy. He viewed the rapid industrialisation of India under Western models as a threat to the traditional social fabric and economic sustainability of Indian villages. Gandhi believed that the soul of India lay in its villages, which he considered the backbone of Indian society. For him, industrialisation, if unchecked, risked displacing millions of rural people from their traditional livelihoods, creating dependence on urban centres, and fostering social inequality. He was critical of large-scale, mechanised industries that prioritized profit over human welfare and the environment, arguing that such industrial systems were alien to India’s culture and values. Gandhi envisioned a model of economic development that was decentralised, rooted in local needs, and empowering for the common people. He promoted the concept of “Gram Swaraj” or village self-rule, which emphasised political, social, and economic autonomy for villages. In his view, true progress did not mean imitating the Western model of industrialisation but enhancing the capacity of villages to be self-sufficient in food, energy, and basic goods. Gandhi stressed that every village should be able to produce its own necessities, maintain local governance, and sustain traditional crafts and cottage industries, thereby reducing dependence on external markets and industrial monopolies. A central aspect of Gandhi’s vision was the revival and _________ ___ __________ _______ _______ ___ ________ _______.
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