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The framing of the Indian Constitution was a historic exercise in nation-building, particularly because it sought to bring together diverse social, cultural, and political groups within a democratic framework. Among the most significant concerns of the Constituent Assembly were the issues related to tribal people, often referred to as the Scheduled Tribes. Tribal communities in India had historically remained on the margins of mainstream society due to geographic isolation, cultural distinctiveness, and long-standing socio-economic disadvantages. The Constituent Assembly faced the challenge of ensuring that the tribal population, while retaining its cultural autonomy, was also integrated into the broader democratic and developmental process of the nation. Thus, the debates in the Assembly reveal a dual concern: protecting the distinctive identity of the tribes and simultaneously bringing them within the ambit of modernization, citizenship, and national integration. One of the primary concerns regarding tribal people was their socio-economic backwardness. The tribes were largely dependent on subsistence agriculture, shifting cultivation, forest produce, and traditional occupations, which kept them vulnerable to poverty and exploitation. Colonial policies had further marginalized tribal groups, particularly through land alienation and the intrusion of moneylenders, traders, and landlords into tribal regions. Members of the Assembly recognized that unless constitutional safeguards were provided, the socio-economic gap between the mainstream and tribal communities ______ ___ __________ ____ ________.
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