What is the role of the proton gradient in mitochondria? Discuss

The proton gradient in mitochondria plays a crucial role in cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. It is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the electron transport chain (ETC), which consists of four complexes (I-IV) embedded in the membrane. As electrons derived from NADH and FADH₂ are ____ _____ __________ _____ ________ __________ ___ ______ ________ ________.
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