Write the characteristic features of the active site.

The active site of an enzyme is a specialized region where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. It has several characteristic features that contribute to its specificity and catalytic efficiency.  

The active site has a specific shape and structure that matches the substrate, following the lock-and-key model or the induced-fit model, ensuring only certain molecules can bind. It is usually ___ _______ _____ ______ ______ ___ ____.
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