What is meant by polarizability of a molecule?

Polarizability is a measure of the ease with which a molecule's electron density can be distorted by an electric field. In other words, it is the ability of a molecule to become polarized in the presence of an electric field.

Molecules consist of atoms held together by chemical bonds, and these bonds involve the sharing or transfer of electrons. In a nonpolar molecule, the electrons are distributed evenly throughout the molecule, resulting in no permanent dipole moment. In contrast, in a polar molecule, there is an unequal distribution of electron density, resulting in a permanent dipole moment.

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