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A patent specification is a legal and technical document submitted by an applicant to describe an invention in a clear, complete, and precise manner so that it can be understood and carried out by a person skilled in the relevant field. Under Indian Patent Law, particularly the Patents Act, 1970, the specification forms the core of a patent application because it defines the scope of the invention and determines the extent of protection granted. It serves a dual purpose: first, to disclose the invention to the public in exchange for exclusive rights, and second, to set out the boundaries of the monopoly claimed by the inventor. In India, a patent specification can be either provisional or complete. A provisional specification is filed when the invention is not yet fully developed but the applicant wants to secure an early filing date. It provides a broad description of the invention without detailed claims. A complete specification, on the other hand, must be filed within twelve months of the provisional specification and contains a full and detailed disclosure along with claims defining the legal scope of the invention. If no provisional specification is filed, the applicant may directly file a complete specification. The complete specification is the most important document in the ______ _____ ___ ______ _________ _________ ______ ___.
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