What is a cell cycle? Discuss different phases and regulatory mechanisms involved in the cell cycle.

The cell cycle is a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. It is a fundamental process in all living organisms, ensuring the proper replication of DNA and the division of a cell into two daughter cells. The cell cycle is crucial for growth, development, tissue repair, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Phases of the Cell Cycle
The cell cycle consists of four main phases:

1. G1 Phase (Gap 1):
   - Purpose: The G1 phase is the first stage of the cell cycle and is primarily focused on cell growth. During this phase, the cell increases in size, produces RNA, and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.
   - Checkpoint: The G1 checkpoint (also known as the restriction point in yeast) ensures that _______ _________ _______ __________ ___.
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