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Disaster management in India is governed by a comprehensive legal and institutional framework aimed at ensuring preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery from natural and man-made disasters. The key objective of these rules and regulations is to build a disaster-resilient society through coordinated efforts of government institutions, private stakeholders, and communities. India has a history of major natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and droughts, which led to the evolution of disaster management laws and guidelines. Over time, the emphasis has shifted from reactive relief measures to proactive disaster risk reduction. The following is a brief overview of the rules and regulations governing disaster management in India. 1. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 The most significant legislation governing disaster management in India is the Disaster Management Act, 2005. This Act provides the legal framework for disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and response. The Act establishes institutions at the national, state, and district levels to manage disasters effectively. * National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): Headed by the Prime Minister, NDMA is the apex body responsible for laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management. It coordinates the enforcement and implementation of disaster management plans across the country. * State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs): Each state has its own SDMA headed by the Chief Minister. These bodies prepare state disaster management plans and ensure coordination with the central government and local bodies. * District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs): At the district level, DDMAs headed by the District Collector or Magistrate plan and execute disaster management activities. These authorities coordinate with local authorities, NGOs, and civil society. * National Executive Committee (NEC): Constituted under the Act, the NEC assists NDMA in the performance of its functions and ensures that disaster management policies are implemented. * Roles and Responsibilities: The Act defines the roles of various government agencies, including the preparation of disaster management plans, establishment of early warning systems, and ______ ___ _______ ________ _____ _____.
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