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Disaster management in India encompasses a range of financial and insurance-related policies aimed at disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response, and recovery. These policies are crucial because India is highly vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts, and landslides. Financing and insurance mechanisms play a significant role in building resilience, facilitating quick recovery, and reducing the long-term economic and human costs of disasters. India’s approach integrates government budgeting, dedicated funds, risk transfer instruments, public-private partnerships, and international assistance to manage disaster-related expenditures and reduce the financial burden on affected populations. The financing of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in India is broadly structured under three main categories: budgetary allocations at various levels of government, dedicated disaster relief funds, and financial assistance from national and international agencies. The primary legal framework that guides disaster-related financing in India is the Disaster Management Act, 2005. This Act led to the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and provided for the establishment of dedicated disaster response funds at national and state levels. One of the key financing mechanisms established by the Act is the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF). The NDRF is used to meet expenses for emergency response, relief, and rehabilitation in the wake of natural calamities. This fund is financed through budgetary allocations from the central government and is managed by the Ministry of Home Affairs. In parallel, each state has a State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), which is the primary fund available with the state governments for immediate relief. The central government contributes 75% of the SDRF for general category states and 90% for special category states, with the remaining share provided by the respective state governments. In addition to response-oriented funds, India has gradually shifted towards proactive investment in disaster risk reduction. ___ ________ _______ ___ ___ ____ _____ ________.
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