What are the major cropping patterns followed in India? Explain the factors determining the cropping patterns.

In India, cropping patterns are diverse and influenced by a variety of factors ranging from climatic conditions to soil fertility, market demand, government policies, and technological advancements. Let's delve into the major cropping patterns and the factors shaping them:

1. Kharif Crops: These are crops sown in the monsoon season, typically from June to September, and harvested during the autumn. Major kharif crops include rice, maize, millets (like jowar and bajra), cotton, soybeans, groundnuts, and pulses like pigeon pea (tur) and green gram (moong). The onset and duration of monsoon rains largely determine the sowing time and success of kharif crops.

2. Rabi Crops: Sown in the winter season, from October to December, and harvested in spring, rabi crops rely on irrigation rather than rainfall. Wheat, barley, oats, chickpea (gram), lentils (masoor), mustard, __________ ____ __________ ________ ____ _______.
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