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Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent neurological disorders that affect movement, posture, balance, and muscle coordination due to damage to the developing brain, usually before birth, during birth, or in the early years of life. It is a non-progressive condition, meaning the brain injury itself does not worsen over time, although the physical manifestations may change with age. The severity of Cerebral Palsy varies widely, ranging from mild motor difficulties to severe physical disabilities requiring lifelong assistance. Classification of Cerebral Palsy is primarily based on the type of movement disorder and the parts of the body affected. Understanding these types is essential for planning appropriate educational interventions, rehabilitation, medical care, and inclusive support systems. The first major classification is based on the nature of the movement disorder. The most common type is spastic Cerebral Palsy, accounting for nearly 70–80 percent of all cases. It is characterized by increased muscle tone or hypertonia, causing stiffness, tight muscles, exaggerated reflexes, and difficulty in voluntary movements. Individuals with spastic Cerebral Palsy often experience restricted mobility, awkward gait, muscle contractures, and poor coordination. Depending on the limbs involved, spastic Cerebral Palsy is further classified into spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia, spastic quadriplegia, spastic monoplegia, and spastic triplegia. Spastic hemiplegia affects one side of the body, involving the arm and leg on the same side. Usually, the upper limb is more severely affected than the lower limb. Children with this type may have difficulty using one hand, maintaining balance, or performing fine motor tasks such as writing, dressing, or handling objects. Despite these challenges, many individuals with hemiplegia are able to walk independently and ________ _________ _________ __________ ________ ____ _______ __________ _________ ____.
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