Trace the origin and development of the Probation System.

Origin and development of probation

Credit for the introduction of probation and enacting the first law for placing offenders on probation goes to the state of Massachusetts in the United States of America in 1869. Earlier, an experiment under the leadership of one John Augustus a snowmaker of Boston was successfully carried out for suspending sentence of the offenders and supervising their behaviour and helping them in rehabilitation in society.

Augustus had assumed responsibility for assisting about 2,000 persons 1,152 males and 794 females between 1841 and 1858 during the period of their suspended sentences (Cf. Sutherland, Principles of Criminology, 1965: 423). He was thus called the first probation officer.

The official origin of probation as a legal system authorising the courts to place offenders on probation was made in 1878 when Massachusetts (US) passed a law authorising the appointment of a paid probation officer. By 1917, 21 states in America introduced probation system in their states.

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